- Capturing reality texture subset of images how to#
- Capturing reality texture subset of images series#
To overcome this limitation of conventional approach, virtual reality (VR) technologies have been applied in landscape and urban planning, and have successfully demonstrated VR’s potential for replicating reality (Iachini et al., 2016, Puyana-Romero et al., 2017). However, existing virtual audit tools are merely optimized for auditing objective streetscape elements (Charreire et al., 2014, Griew et al., 2013) and remain inadequate for auditing subjective streetscape qualities, such as imageability, human scale, or enclosure, that require similar levels of realism and sense of space in the actual field (Ben-Joseph et al., 2013, Clarke et al., 2010). These traditional image sources and the evolution of visualization techniques have contributed to advancements in urban research and practice (Al-Kodmany, 2002, Lange, 2011). Thus, as an on-field audit alternative, many studies have recently suggested virtual audit tools employing various image information sources, such as photographs (Im, 1983), a 3D simulation projected on a 2D screen (Asgarzadeh, Lusk, Koga, & Hirate, 2012), web-based ready-made omnidirectional images (hereafter, street view images) (Bader et al., 2015, Bethlehem et al., 2014, Griew et al., 2013), and video (Ewing & Clemente, 2013). However, traditional audit methods involve on-site visits, which are not only labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive (Moniruzzaman and Páez, 2012, Mouratidis and Hassan, 2020), but are also difficult for conducting controlled experiments (Kim & Kim, 2019).
Capturing reality texture subset of images how to#
Accordingly, streetscapes and how to audit them have garnered attention in physical planning practice and research fields ( Frank et al., 2010, Gullón et al., 2015). As Jane Jacobs emphasized, a street is undoubtedly a crucial public place in cities (Gehl and Svarre, 2013, Jacobs, 1993, Mehta, 2013).
“If a city’s streets look interesting, the city looks interesting if they look dull, the city looks dull.” (Jacobs, 1961, p.29). Thus, even if a VR audit can replace much of the streetscape audit, the need for on-site experience remains unlikely to be replaced. Moreover, a VR audit is less cost-effective than other methods and is not adequate for auditing items that require sensory experience other than the audiovisual. However, intra-rater agreement estimates of a VR audit demonstrate that its reproducibility remains unreliable. This result unveils the possibility of a recorded VR-based visual assessment survey as a new indoor audit method for evaluating the quality of urban design, which is rarely addressed in existing streetscape audit tools due to its high subjectivity. In particular, 360 VR video is appropriate for auditing items related to the sense of space, behavioral qualities, and overall street atmosphere.
The results show that VR audit generates results more consistent with the field audit than the street view based audit.
Capturing reality texture subset of images series#
The study conducts a series of experiments (test audits) using street view images, 360 VR video, and field experience, comparing them using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Against this backdrop, this study ascertains whether omnidirectional videos and fully immersive virtual experiences using head-mount displays can be applied to audit the subjective streetscape qualities, thereby replacing the field audit. Although many studies have developed indoor streetscape audit instruments, given the limitation of conventional image information, these have merely been optimized for auditing objective elements of a street.